The Fiscal Constitutionalism Theory Facing the Global...

In the 2008 a profound financial crisis has shaken the world economies and caused recession with bad growth prospects. This, with provoking high unemployment rates and welfare losses, has also shed a light on the weaknesses of the modern States. The markets, as underlined by the crisis, are globalized and the policies are no longer a National matter. The financial crisis have been followed by a more circumscribed and still sound sovereign debt crisis in the Euro area countries. The first relevant consequences has been that economies growth has slowed down, thus creating imbalances in national public finances. Nevertheless, the globalization have stressed that the provision of goods is becoming a complicate issue with the natural aging of the population and the losses of revenues deriving by the possibility to contracting on distances and establishing the company seat in low taxes jurisdictions. Another major issue is whether the increasing difficulties encountered by the States in administering their own revenues are gradually leading the States in forced choices to preserve their sovereignty. This could be the adoption of a common set of rules or the set of different state form, as for the federation. Each of this solution entails a partially loss of sovereignty. In the first case the sovereignty is loss in favor of supranational entities and are negotiated with other States. In the second case the loss of sovereignty is primarily in favor of the citizen1 There is,Show MoreRelatedComparative Study of Quality of Work Life Management in Tcs Ibm: a Case Study Analysis14194 Words   |  57 PagesConditions in the work environment must be created by the employer which will give freedom to all the employees and free from fear of losing their jobs. A system must be created in such away which creates healthy working conditions with optimum financial security.   Alternative Work Schedules: With a view to tackle job boredom, modern organizations have been experimenting with several forms of alternate work schedules such as four-day work week, flexi-time and  part-time work. Compressed work weekRead MoreInstitution as the Fundamental Cause of Long Tern Growth39832 Words   |  160 Pagessaving rates (Solow), preferences (Cass-Koopmans), or other exogenous parameters, such as total factor productivity growth. More recent incarnations of growth theory, following Romer (1986) and Lucas (1988), endogenize steady-state growth and technical progress, but their explanation for income diï ¬â‚¬erences is similar to that of the older theories. For instance, in the model of Romer (1990), a country may be more prosperous than another if it allocates more resources to innovation, but what determinesRead MoreNational Security Outline Essay40741 Words   |  163 PagesFourth and Fifth Amendments 73 R. J. Rummel, â€Å"Power Kills; Absolute Power Kills Absolutely (Oct. 1991) 77 A. Theories of Confidence-Building Measures 79 J.N. Moore, Law and the Indochina War 81 Henkin, Is there a ‘Political Question’ Doctrine? 82 STANDING 83 JNM, SOLVING THE WAR PUZZLE, September 11th Its Aftermath: Terrorism, Afghanistan, The Iraq War 84 Incentive Theory Terrorism 84 Low Intensity Conflict and the International Legal System, JNM 89 Recommendations for Strengthening

Valerie Brock Is Receiving From Liberty University

The quality of education that Valerie Brock is receiving from Liberty University in her chosen field is the subject of evaluation. Furthermore, Valerie started her major with Liberty University in the Master of Arts in Executive Leadership program. As a matter of fact, Valerie had no â€Å"business† knowledge before she began classes since she has a bachelor’s degree in education. Also, Valerie received an â€Å"A† in a bridge class that allowed her to change to the major of Master of Business Administration with a concentration in Leadership. Moreover, the Likert-type scale is the tool utilized to retrieve data of Valerie’s satisfaction of the courses she has taken. The following categories are the listed responses Valerie must select from Strongly Agree (SA), Agree (A), Neither Agree (N) nor Disagree (D), and Strongly Disagree (SD). In addition, Valerie’s detailed explanation of each question will be documented. Evaluation Questions A. This program is not very challenging. SA A N D SD B. The general level of teaching is good. SA A N D SD C. I really think I am learning a lot from this program. SA A N D SD D. Student’s suggestions are given little attention here. SA A N D SD E. This program does a good job of preparing one for a career. SA A N D SD F. This program is below my expectations. SA A N D SD Likert-Type Scale Reliability and Validity Koksal, Ertekin, and Colakoglu (2014) report that although the Likert-type scale is still utilized

Sun Tzu Free Essays

OD 13-00706Mar13 SUBJECT: Book Report on Sun Tzu The Art of War and its Pertinence to Combat Sun Tzu was a Chinese military general, strategist, and philosopher from the Zhou Dynasty. He was believed to have lived somewhere in the time period of the Warring States from 476-221 BC. Scholars believe he is the author of The Art of War, an extremely influential ancient Chinese book on military strategy. We will write a custom essay sample on Sun Tzu or any similar topic only for you Order Now Other scholars however, believe that Sun Tzu was in fact a combination of different generals and tacticians and that The Art of War was a collection of their combined efforts and wisdom. The Art of War was discovered in the 8th century in Japan where it was released to the masses and saw an explosion in popularity during the 20th century. Prior to that, it was a collection kept under secrecy allowed only to the reigning emperor. The entire work is the foundation for military tactics today. There are three key principles developed by Sun Tzu, know your enemy and know yourself and in 100 battles you will never be in peril. To win 100 battles is not the height of skill, to subdue the enemy without fighting is. Avoid what is strong and attack what is week. Utilizing these three key principles, Sun Tzu focused on achieving his goal with the minimal amount of casualties and resources. In his book, Sun Tzu teaches â€Å"winning without conflict. † Conflict is expensive and the cost is ultimately burdened by the people of the states. Beating opponents and winning battles may satisfy the ego, but Sun Tzu considers that goal a foolish one. This belief can be seen through every war that American has been engaged in and the cost it has taken monetarily as well as emotionally on the people. In every conflict that America has been engaged in, tactics and teachings of Sun Tzu were either utilized by American forces, or against American forces. During the Vietnam war, General Vo Nguyen Giap, the military mastermind behind victories over American forces in Vietnam, was an avid student and practitioner of Sun Tzu’s ideas. General Giap understands Sun Tzu’s teachings of indirect attacks to confuse and utilizes insurgents to stage hit and run attacks against the Americans. This is similar to Sun Tzu invasion of Chu, where he would attack weaker outposts drawing the main forces to that area. When the main forces arrived, Sun Tzu was already gone attacking the next weak outpost causing his enemies military to constantly stay on the move and grow tired and weaker. As Sun Tzu says, it is more important to outthink your enemy than to outfight him. Looking at Sun Tzu’s teaching, you can see that he predicted the loss of the Vietnam War by the U. S as well as the victory of WWII. As Sun Tzu states, in war numbers alone confer no advantage, do not advance relying on sheer military power. This tactic was utilized heavily by the United States in Vietnam and they learned that despite their overwhelming military might, they cannot win this war. General Giap takes Sun Tzu’s teaching of know your enemy and know yourself and in 100 battles you will know no peril, and learns the habits of the Americans. He comes to realize that the Americans are incredibly predictable; they prepare all landing zones by blanketing the area with artillery strikes and then bring in the troops. General Giap has his soldiers lying in wait after the artillery rounds land and ambushes the incoming American soldiers. Through knowing his enemy General Giap utilizes Sun Tzu’s teaching of indirect attack, attack the weak points avoid the strong points, and through this the CIA comes to realize that roughly 80% of the conflicts occur due to the Vietcong choosing to engage. The Vietnamese chose whether they wanted to engage American soldiers due to the utilizing and understanding of these key principles of Sun Tzu. General Giap shows his understanding of Sun Tzu no better than the Tet offensive. Sun Tzu states, let you plans be as dark and night then strike like a thunderbolt. This is portrayed perfectly by the Vietnamese when they attack roughly 100 targets at once during the Tet holiday in Vietnam. General Giap receives orders from his superiors to conduct a full frontal assault on American forces. Realizing this is suicide he instead coordinates a massive multipronged simultaneous attack on a hundred different locations on 31January1968. The Tet offensive was prepared in total secrecy and utilized to the fullest one of Sun Tzu’s favorite tactics, the spy. Sun Tzu states that if you discover an enemy has spy’s within your ranks, to offer him luxury and monetary incentives to turn against his country and serve you. He also emphasizes utilizing a spy to properly disseminate false information to mislead your enemy into thinking you will attack one area when you are truly attacking another. One week prior to the Tet offensive, the Vietnamese attack Khe San, one of the marine outposts. This was a distraction to draw as many troops away from the other posts prior to the Tet holiday. This onslaught progressed for days, at one point the President of the United States made the generals of each branch sign a letter stating they would not lose Khe San. This was all going according to plan for General Giap, know your enemy’s weakness, let your plans be as dark as night, utilize indirect attacks, have spies plant misinformation, and it is more important to outthink your enemy. All of these Sun Tzu teachings come together for the main operation on 31January1968, simultaneously Vietnamese troop’s assault over 100 American military positions taking them all. It is the most successful attack done by the North Vietnamese. AS Sun Tzu states, use a direct attack to engage and an indirect attack to win. Sun Tzu’s The Art of War, depicts to the reader the foundation for any successful military engagement. General Giap utilized these principles to their fullest during Vietnam to the detriment of the United States and other allied countries. If you look at all wars, past and present you will see that those who follow his teachings are victorious, while those who do not are doomed to fail. By following Sun Tzu’s three key principles of know your enemy and know yourself, and in 100 battles you will never be in peril, to win 100 battles is not the height of skill, to subdue the enemy without fighting is, and avoid what is strong and attack what is week, your military will never know defeat. LAURANCE KENNY 2LT, OD References: Sunzi, Ralph D. Sawyer, Mei-chu? n Sawyer, and Bin Sun. The Complete Art of War. Boulder, CO: Westview, 1996. Print. Sun Tzu. The Art of War. Tokyo: Project Gutenburg, 1910. Sun Tzu/ Lionel Giles. The Art of War: Sun Tzu. London: Pax Librorium, 1905. How to cite Sun Tzu, Papers

Full Case Study about Marketing for Ecostore

Question: Discuss about the Marketing for Ecostore. Answer: Marketing Background Ecostore is a pioneer in the industry of environment-friendly cleaning products and services. The company was founded 23 years ago, which is responsible for providing eco-friendly cleaning products including body and baby care commodities and plant and mineral based items across New Zealand. In the rise of globalisation and constant challenges faced by the global environment, the concept of sustainability in the business operations has become the mainstream for the industrial atmosphere (Chipps 2013). Garg (2014) argues that the absolute factor is accounted for delivering tremendous growth opportunities to the firm operating in various industries, as the individual growth can be reflected in their increasing share in the respective markets. Most importantly, the study has further identified that the plethora of new entrants in the different market has driven the mainstream players to adopt an eco-friendly marketing strategy in order to add environmental credential in their product or service offerings. As a result, the certain scenario encourages the existing or potential brands to embrace the green initiative through their marketing strategies. Based on the primary investigation to the marketing policies introduced by the firm, the economic activities undertaken by Ecostore are widely focused on securing the growth opportunities available from the market. For achieving such objective, the company is continuously striving towards maintaining reinvigoration of the operations and restarting its brand as the participant of NZTE Better through the application of Design Programme (Happonen 2016). Apart from that, the study conducted by Anne Wiese (2015) has found out that Ecostore embarks on a product transformation stage through investing heavily in its accreditations for setting apart itself from the green-wash brands. Lately, the company is also endowing the independent testing procedures for supporting the business overcoming the key barriers in entering the different parts of the market. However, the particular process has a limited outcome for the company due to its consumption of high costs (Hernik 2014). Due to the specif ic circumstances, the marketers of Ecostore has involved the application of comparative assessments for establishing various proofs referring the products offered by the company are safer and healthier than the alternative ones offered by the other competitors. Description of Marketing Strategy Analysis of Main Products, Services, Suppliers, and Customers The products or merchandises offered by Ecostore are based on multiple needs from its target market. The Items manufactured and supplied by the company primarily covers various segments of the market from laundry, home, hand and body were products to skincare, hair, baby, and ultra sensitive items (Ecostore.co.nz, 2016). The laundry products of the company are aimed to reduce the exposure of the families to the nasty chemicals found in the laundry products used on an ever day basis. Ensuring the delivery of health benefits to the target market consumers as well as the overall society is the central guiding principle behind the formulation of these products (Bashir and Shah 2013). By investigating the product portfolio of Ecostore, it can be observed that customers have reported numerous health benefits by using the products offered by the company in the last eighteen years of operations. It is informed that various health-related infirmities have improved or disappeared altogether by using the eco-friendly items produced by the firm. The studies carried out by Gutierrez and Seva (2016) a vital understanding can be gained in the area of product development stage of Ecostore. The company has followed the strategy of independently testing its products with a comparison to the leading supermarket brands for adding value to the existing product lines. Based on the implication of the chosen practice, the efficacy in the over organizational performance can guarantee over the years while the customers from different segments are provided with the value-added services of the company. In this case, it is worth to mention that the suppliers are chosen wisely by Ecostore for maintaining the eco-friendliness in the products and services. The firm identifies and engages the suppliers of plant-based ingredients and pure minerals for biodegrading the products promptly and adeptly (Ueda and Ueda 2012). The particular process is aimed to ensure the safe disposal of the products after their usage. Pricing Based on the analysis done so far, it can be acknowledged that the marketing strategies and practices undertaken by Ecostore specifically provide importance to the green initiatives. By accessing various works formed by the scholars over the recent years, it is apprehended that pricing the green products or services seems to be a challenging task for the companies. However, in case of Ecostore, the company follows some fundamental approaches for ensuring the smooth execution regarding the proper pricing of its wide range of products. The marketers of Ecostore primarily prioritise the assessment of prices charged by the key market players for their alternative goods or services falling in the green or non-green categories for determining the average price for the products of each class (Siitan 2015). Based on such average, the marketing personnel is responsible for setting apposite price, which can precisely cover the costs associated with the entire product manufacturing and developm ent stages. Here, Kennedy, Kapitan, and Soo (2016) have importantly highlighted the need for conducting an effectual comparison between the chosen products of two companies for determining the possible chances for offering the individual product at lower price. By adopting the positive approach, Ecostore not only can denigrate the competitors, but also the marketers can find a superior way to promote their decision-making. Promotion According to Moscardo et al. (2013) promotion is the imperative mean of marketing to convey the significant message about the products or services of the company in front of the target audience. The same study also reflects the involvement of numerous pitfalls in the process of promoting eco-friendly products while embracing some simple practices can mainly help the companies to achieve success in the promotional process. The marketing strategy of Ecostore is developed by brewing a primary perception about the usability and number of households using or not using its products (Tantalo and Paton 2013). Developing such understanding provides a promotional vision to the marketers to formulate the strategy to inform the consumers about the green concepts and their integrations to the products and services offered by the business. Garg (2014) has significantly identified the need of portraying the image of environmental friendliness in the process of preparing the promotional activities related to the green products and schemes. The author states that including the particular image in the advertisement will broadly influence the decision-making process of the customers. From the application of the study, it is further identified that the clients love to correlate themselves with the firms that the environmental stewards. Ecostore understands the defined concept to communicate their useful marketing message in the advertisement, promotions, publicities, and corporate social responsibilities for ensuring the development of increasing base of loyal customers (Parsons, Soo, and Berth 2013). Distribution According to Keenan, Amir, and Gneezy (2014), the location of selling provides noteworthy influence in the marketing and organizational success of the company. Based on the application of the study, the place of sale provides a significant impact on the position of the organization. Due to such scenario, the organization needs to put special priority in its distribution strategy after deciding the particular platform of executing the sales, such as at homes of consumer, through a shop, or via internet (Upstill-Goddard et al. 2013). In order to sell the eco-friendly products of Ecostore, the organization employs a green distribution strategy, which is a highly delicate operation while increasing the chances of making environmental-friendly sales. The selection of selling platform used by the company is based on guaranteeing the consumers about the ecological nature of its product at a possible extent (Fitzgerald et al. 2015). From the study of Pecoraro and Uusitalo (2014), green envir onment is continuously regulated by the authoritative or legislative bodies. This particular fact highly influences distribution strategies adopted by Ecostore to understand the stipulation of maintaining compliance in the distributing the green products to the identified market. Such procedure is commonly observed in the policies introduced by the company in the recognised department. Comparison of Marketing Mix to the Competitors From the initial investigation to the environment-friendly cleaning products and service market of New Zealand, multiple involvements of dominant market players can be observed due to the increasing set of opportunities offered by the ecological products and services to proliferate business growth (Pecoraro and Uusitalo 2014). From the result of such assessment, the involvement of some of the important competitors like Omo, Fab, Planet Ark, Earth Choice, and Surf is observed within the market with each having their level of marketing mix strategies. Amongst these competitors, ALDI Brands and Biozet Attack are the ones maintaining more environment-friendly aspect to their products or services contribute to the quality and satisfaction in the overall market. However, the target market is primarily dominated by Duo with the promising outcomes regarding the quality of products, customer satisfaction, and environmental friendliness (Brooks and Rich 2016). Additionally, the eco-friendly pr oducts offered by Earth Choice are the cheapest within the particular market. According to Ozorhon (2012), marketers in the modern day need to adopt integrated marketing, which can be defined as mixing and matching the marketing activities for achieving the maximum benefits from the market while improving the collective efforts of the marketing department. The particular study citing the evidence portrayed by Kotler and Keller (2009) has proposed that marketing mix is composed of four distinct elements, such as product, place, price, and promotion. In order to develop a superior distinction from the leading market players, Ecostore has identified the precious involvement of marketing mix and strategising its elements for the production of eco-friendly products and addressing the continuously increasing environment concerns from the customers (Keenan, Amir, and Gneezy 2014). Based on the study of Bashir and Shah (2013), in the area of maintaining product development strategies, Ecostore continuously strives to offer the entire bundle of utilities through its pr oduct to the customers while developing an understanding regarding such context by conducting the exchange process. Alternatively, the company also focuses on maintaining the advanced quality of its products, as it perceives quality as the compelling feature bearing the ability to satisfy the implied needs for ensuring uniqueness in the product offering process from its competitors. Parons et al. (2013) have identified five stages of consumer decision making, such as problem identification, information search, assessment for alternatives, product choices, and outcomes. The impulsive buying decision and behaviour of consumers largely depend on the environmental cues. The marketers of Ecostore are highly informed about such fact to develop a proper packaging for the products to gain increasing attention of the consumers (Garg 2014). On the other hand, Upstill-Goddart et al. (2013) have claimed that eco-friendly products are more expensive than the conventional ones. Due to the scenario, the products of Ecostore are comparatively higher from its major competitors. Ecostore understands that consumers will opt for paying an extra penny if they acknowledge the health benefits of using such products (Morrow 2013). The certain situation cause the company to leverage more on the promotional activities to market the chief product messages to the consumers for making them informed about the superior benefits of using its products. Such events as part of the marketing mix create a vital difference between Ecostore and its leading competitors from the particular market. Recommendations for Improvement of Marketing Mix The result of an investigation carried out by Hernik (2014) principally signifies that the right thing will be adopted by the consumers when it comes to providing protection to their health and environment at a whole. Even in the midst of significant economic demands from the industries, the green movement is rapidly gaining the momentum, as it was difficult to miss the deluge of advertisements from the well-known national brands involving the eco-friendly products (Moscardo et al. 2013). Despite the success of marketing practices, the increasing demands of the green environment are causing a significant number of pitfalls for Ecostore. One of such examples is the rapidly increasing competition in the New Zealand market. Therefore, the marketing activities of the company are suggested to consider the useful recommendation for guiding the future operations. Firstly, the company needs to prove their claims, as the business need to demonstrate that the identified products publicized as green will live up to their expectations (Kennedy, Kapitan, and Soo 2016). Secondly, it is observed during the investigation that many customers are willing to pay extra money for availing the product offering them the increasing benefits. However, Hernik (2014) importantly observes price as an essential factor influencing the purchasing decision of the shoppers. Therefore, Ecostore must need to develop awareness of the price affordability of the target market for pricing their product and developing useful decision in the product development stage. Lastly, contributing to the ecologic environment is a promising and meaningful job for many consumers. However, if they can relate such activity to their personal benefit, it can add value to the overall process undertaken by the company (Delai and Takahashi 2013). Hence, products offered by Ecostore must need t o have the ability to provide personal benefits to the consumers; for example, improvement of health or saving money. References Bashir, I. and Shah, M.S., 2013. CSR Implementation and Outcomes: The Environmental Concern: The Case of Axfood (Sweden). Brooks, A. and Rich, H., 2016. Sustainable construction and socio?technical transitions in London's mega?projects.The Geographical Journal. Chipps, R.S., 2013, December. It's not about the planet-Embracing eco-design, driving competitive advantage. InDesign Management Symposium (TIDMS), 2013 IEEE Tsinghua International(pp. 23-29). IEEE. Delai, I. and Takahashi, S., 2013. Corporate sustainability in emerging markets: insights from the practices reported by the Brazilian retailers.Journal of Cleaner Production,47, pp.211-221. Ecostore.co.nz. (2016). ecostore - Skincare Products and Cleaning Supplies New Zealand : ecostore New Zealand. [online] Available at: https://www.ecostore.co.nz/ [Accessed 18 Oct. 2016]. Fitzgerald, D.P., Gogoll, T.H., Schmidt, L.C., Herrmann, J.W. and Sandborn, P.A., 2015. Design?for?Environment Processes and Tools.Mechanical Engineers' Handbook. Garg, B., 2014. Green Marketing: Buzzword for New Age Marketers in India.The International Journal of Business Management,2(9), p.185. Happonen, V., 2016. Differences in consumer perspectives how sustainable food consumption is perceived and signalled in the prevailing consumer culture: among Generation Y. Hernik, J., 2014. Greenwashingessence and analysis on a chosen example.Economic science for rural development. Keenan, E.A., Amir, O. and Gneezy, A., 2014. Driving pro-environmental choice.Available at SSRN 2241873. Kennedy, A.M., Kapitan, S. and Soo, S., 2016. Eco-warriors: Shifting sustainable retail strategy via authentic retail brand image.Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ),24(2), pp.125-134. Morrow, J.N., 2013.Translating the 100% Pure marketing campaign into an authentic sustainability management strategy: practices, policies and perceptions of New Zealand tourist visitor information centres (i-SITEs)(Doctoral dissertation, Auckland University of Technology). Moscardo, G., Lamberton, G., Wells, G., Fallon, W., Lawn, P., Rowe, A., Humphrey, J., Wiesner, R., Pettitt, B., Clifton, D. and Renouf, M., 2013.Sustainability in Australian business: Principles and practice. Wiley-Blackwell. Parsons, A.G., Soo, S. and Berth, N., 2013. Is Perception as Good as Reality?.Communicating Sustainability for the Green Economy, p.25. Pecoraro, M. and Uusitalo, O., 2014. Exploring the everyday retail experience: The discourses of style and design.Journal of Consumer Behaviour,13(6), pp.429-441. Siitan, K., 2015. Consumer behavior and the influence of in-store factors on consumption of natural beauty care products in the Estonian Market. Tantalo, C. and Paton, B., 2013, October. Value Innovation through Value Co-creation. InProceedings of the International Association for Business and Society(Vol. 24, pp. 240-251). Ueda, J. and Ueda, M., 2012. Sustainable Technology Research and Demonstration Center for Earth Structures.Sustainability,4(10), pp.2639-2649. Upstill-Goddard, J., Glass, J., Dainty, A.R. and Nicholson, I., 2013. Characterising the relationship between responsible sourcing and organisational reputation in construction firms. InProceedings of the Sustainable Building and Construction Conference(pp. 215-224). Wilson, J.P., 2015. The triple bottom line: Undertaking an economic, social, and environmental retail sustainability strategy.International Journal of Retail Distribution Management,43(4/5), pp.432-447.